Dissociative Identity Disorder And Borderline Personality...

e goes on to live a happy prosperous life. The disorder that was discussed in the movie was disassociate identity disorder (DID). The DSM-5 describes DID as a person being diagnosed with two or personality states, as and/or have constant bouts of amnesia (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.291). It is also noted in the DSM-5, that the changes in personality are usually subtle, and are only more noticeable as stress and anxiety increase (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 292). Therefore it seems as though the movie Sybil, is a bit exaggerated for dramatic purpose. Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD). DID was and is a very controversial disorder. Researchers argue whether or not the disorder is really validated because there are not fact stating tests revolving around the disorder. There are several similarities between dissociative identity disorder and borderline personality disorder, which is why some researchers had denied the existence of DID. (Gillig, 2009). Researches now realize that DID is on the same spectrum as borderline line personality disorder, but the symptoms are more severe. Symptoms of DID that coincide with borderline personality disorder include insomnia, sexual dysfunction, anger, thoughts of suicide, self-harm, drug and alcohol abuse, anxiety, paranoia, somatization, dissociation, mood altercations and changes in relationships and the loss of ties. (Gillig, 2009). Researchers usedShow MoreRelatedDissociative Disorders863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dissociative Disorders category of the DSM-IV-TR, is characterized by a disruption in the functions of perception, identity, consciousness, or memory. The disorders in the Dissociative Disorders category include Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), Depersonalization Disorder and Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. All of the disorders in the Dissociative Disorders category need to be distinguished from conditions which are due to a GeneralRead MoreCommon Stressor Related Disorders ( Disorder )913 Words   |  4 PagesStressor-related disorders are expressed in many forms throughout different individuals. Common stressor-related disorders are one trauma and stressor-related disorder or anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive or related disorder, or dissociative disorder. One particular stress-related disorder that has caught my attention is dissociative identity disorder. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by having two or more personalities within an individual. Typically, one is dominant and presentRead MoreMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay example756 Words   |  4 Pages Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), which is now called Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), is a Dissociative Disorder. This disorder is when a person has two or more distinct personalities that often control the person’s behavior. This disorder has many controversies because of the fact that it is not scientifically proven. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One personality is usually restrainedRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreBorderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the1000 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline Personality is a disorder that affects a significantly large percentage of the population with a prevalence rate of up to 5.9%. (DSM, 2000) Out of that percentage about 75% of patients diagnosed with BPD are female. It is an illness that is both misunderstood and given quite a bad stigma. It is difficult to live with and those that have it struggle to maintain personal and busi ness relationships. Even with the high demand for treatment it is a disorder that is hard to treat however whenRead MorePsychological Disorder Paper1412 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper An out-of-body experience is explained by few as a sense of being detached from one’s body, and if associated with other factors like a sense that the world is not real, far away, or even foggy. This with the combination of failure to recall significant personal information, or the content of a meaningful conversation forgotten from one second to the next are signs of a psychological disorder known as Dissociative Disorder. Considered as a rare and mysterious psychiatricRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder970 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MorePsychological Disorders And Therapy Methods1223 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological Disorders and Therapies Different types of psychological disorders and therapy methods will be discussed in this essay. Psychological disorders are categorized and defined in the â€Å"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders† (DSM). The most recent edition of the DSM is the DSM-V published in May, 2013. (1) The methods of therapy utilized for the treatment of psychological disorders are dependent on the training of the therapist and the most appropriate method of treatmentRead MorePsychological Disorders And Obsessive Compulsive Disorder1123 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological disorder or mental disorder is a mind imbalance involving behaviors, thoughts and emotions that cause significant distress to self or other. Great distress means that the person is unable to meet their needs, is a danger to himself and others, or the person is unable to function properly. There are various categories of psychological disorders including, anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder, dissociative disorde r, mood disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, personality disordersRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Mpd ) Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Dissociative identity disorder (DID) or Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a mental illness where an individual expresses multiple personalities that may or may not be aware of each other. In ancient times, near the middle ages, DID was thought to be due to possession due to the fact mental illnesses back then had a supernatural theory attached to them. However, the DSM-5 has cleared up that theory and describes the actual symptoms and theories that appear within an individual

Theology Theology Vs. Theology - 1208 Words

NAZIENZUS’ THEOLOGY COMPARED TO ARIAN THEOLOGY Ever â€Å"since the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Gregory has been honored with the title â€Å"the theologian† for his definitive teaching on the Trinity in the late-fourth century.† This has been bestowed to him because of his precise theological works â€Å"that helped to shift the official orthodoxy of the church and empire from the homoian doctrine supported by [the Arians] to the fully Trinitarian† faith that was confirmed at the Council of Constantinople in 381 AD. One of the arguments presented against Nazienzus is that the Holy Spirit is not fully deified as the Father and the Son are deified. Arian theology asserts that the Holy Spirit is an illuminator that gives people the power to become right with God, but is not on the same level as God. Nazienzus’ refutes this heresy by asking, â€Å"if [the Holy Spirit] is in the same rank with myself, how can He make me God, or join me with [the] Godhead?† One cannot logically subvert the role o f the Holy Spirit because He brings people into communion with God, and only God himself can make Christians into new creations. Nazienzus uses John 1:9 to â€Å"express precisely the deity† of the Holy Spirit, and in using this verse, along with others, he refuted the false Arian theology that the Holy Spirit is not fully divine. Eunomius, one of the Arian extremists, believed that the Holy Spirit is a substance, and to consider Him a part of the deified Trinity is â€Å"completely ridiculous and so whollyShow MoreRelatedCalvins Epistemology Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of epistemology 1. Humans have a natural awareness of God. a. our minds b. nature 2. knowledge of God a. requires holiness b. requires knowledge of self 3. knowledge of Self requires knowledge of God a. man in comparison to God b. evil vs. good IV. Conclusion John Calvin, born in 1509 in Noyon France, played a very significant role in the Protestant Reformation.1 Today Calvin is recognized as one of the most influential persons in the Reformation, aside from Martin Luther. He was bornRead MorePastoral Care And Pastoral Counseling Process1805 Words   |  8 Pagescounseling process What is the relationship between theology and the work of pastoral care and counseling? The theological reflection on pastoral care and the pastoral counseling process have several directions one may take. I believe that this topic is huge and I am going swam around it because it is not my subject of interest. I believed that theology is the heart which we discourse about God. But remember every one of us have its own theology sort of. Each person has some idea about the natureRead MoreA Case For Integration And The Existence Of God1152 Words   |  5 PagesSubsequently a need for comprehension of theology assumes itself. Recognition of human depravity allows for the inclusion of moral interpretation in psychology. Through Integration, psychology possesses a theological counterpart that confronts the depravity of humans, which in turn, allows for a fuller template for counseling the human than either field could alone provide. A failure for the two fields to work in cooperation prevents both psychology and theology from individually reaching full potentialRead MoreRevelations of Divine Love2075 Words   |  8 PagesChrist as mother extends to both to the physical humanity in bodily bleeding and suffering in order to give life and to the spirituality of Christ whom delivers the soul; eternal and heavenly. This motherhood of Christ is a vital part of Julian’s theology and the idea of feminine love extends even to sin and salvation. But most of all, she depicts Christ as feminine, not to distinguish him as being even more of a woman, but to analyze a blurring of the genders, having Christ, and th erefore God asRead MoreMontaigne and Augustine1359 Words   |  6 PagesAbelard s conceptualism 120 years earlier). Aquinas answer to the Faith vs. Reason dilemma relies heavily on the division between philosophy and theology in the sense that the philosopher uses reason alone while the theologian utilizes revelation as authoritative. Thomas did claim however, that there was an area of overlap between the two, a conception that he called natural theology. In support of natural theology Thomas invented what is now well known as the five ways which are a seriesRead MoreChristian Theology Vs. Theatre1721 Words   |  7 Pages As a minister, worship leader, and actor, I’ve constantly had to balance these roles. Either in a church environment or in a theatrical environment. Christian theology and theatre have never intersected for me. I’ve always kept each role separate in its own category. I felt each role was different enough that they would never cross over into each other’s world. Or maybe, they have crossed over and I just did not realize the connection. I never thought that the roles had any similarities.Read MoreRighteousness Vs. The Covenant Promises1488 Words   |  6 PagesChantae’ Alexander BIBL3213: Romans Assignment 3 Professor Jesse Heath 5, November 2014 Righteousness vs. the Covenant Promises The Book of Romans has set the main foundation of Christianity among the Jewish people and Roman. This book has covered many different laws of the land that God has given his people. Paul tries to address the many questions that the Jewish people have about faith, laws and righteousness. In this essay I will address the current question that many people have concerningRead MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1490 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"permitted† life (Pg. 32). This view separates people that are â€Å"called† to be priests, monks and nuns from the people that are â€Å"merely† soldiers, governors, farmers, traders and family raisers causing a view of â€Å"Higher vs. lower, sacred vs. secular, perfect vs. permitted, contemplation vs. action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 32) The second, â€Å"Protestant distortion†, â€Å"elevates the secular at the expense of the spiritual.† (Pg. 38) The â€Å"Protestant distortion† completely â€Å"severs the secular fro m the spiritual altogether and reducesRead MoreEssay on Discussion over the Existence of God1249 Words   |  5 Pages† Indeed many religious beliefs defy logic and seem to be unreasonable. Religion has its basis in belief† (Pecorino, 2001). The area of uncertainty is more significant in philosophy than in religion. Religion professes knowledge to metaphysics, theology, and ethics that philosophy declares baseless and senseless. Due to these conflicting issues in approach and emphasis, religion and philosophy are somewhat combative towards one another. Both try and discover the purpose behind life, but in opposingRead More1. Yes, I Read The Assignment In Full Detail.. 2. My Thoughts1030 Words   |  5 Pages1. Yes, I read the assignment in full detail. 2. My thoughts on the age old issue of â€Å"Materialism vs. Theism† is dependent on the assumed position of God. We cannot begin to announce that there is no practical difference between a material and a theistic world without a thorough understanding of what is meant by the terms being used. It seems to be the case that materialism is commonly used to describe a world of mind-independent substances that are in stable, constant existence. Furthermore, theism

Enron A Case Study of Failed Business Communication †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Enron A Case Study of Failed Business Communication. Answer: Introduction The organizational structure is based upon few aspects, business communication is one the significant ones. Effective business communication is crucial from in every parts of the organizational structure. The conversation between the leadership and the employees to the information sharing it is integral. Proper business communication skills are needed to organizing, reporting, sharing values, setting principles, instructing, supervising, delivering guidelines and managing the overall activities of the company, effective business communication is absolutely necessary ( Brownell 2015). The failure of which has caused many recent corporate scandals. Enron scandal is one of the biggest ones. It has brought the alarming issue in the surface of the business world. The success can never be achieved or the established reputation can be destroyed if the ethical codes or principles of the company are not communicated and practiced properly. Background During the 1990s Enron was one of the most successful e commerce companies of America. The building of powerful power plants, gas line operations and the innovative trading business made them achieve great success in a short period of time and which they continued for a long time until 2001 (Edmonds 2017 ). They pioneered in creating a business for unconventional products like the weather future, broadcast time or internet bandwidth. The stock market transformation because of the blooming of computer technology and the companys adaptability power helped it to leave the competitors behind. Enronwas accredited with the position of 7th largest company onthe Fortune 500 of 2001 (Fortune.com 2017). This actually made its failure to be such a massive one. In the following section the report tries to analyze the possible reasons that caused such a failure. The collapse The journey from 140 billion in 2001s first half to bankruptcy in December, 2001 was quick for the company (Weiss 2014). Enron announced that they are experiencing huge loss, as the income they published was a lie. In reality it lost few billions. The company had created few fake companies who they became partners to hide their debt and losses. Arthur Anderson was responsible head of the company who was dealing with the audits of Enron (Brody and Perri 2016). He completely failed to realize or consider the potential problems. Anderson and his auditors are even accused of getting involved in the unlawful act. The company threw away thousand hardworking employees and betrayed thousands of investors. Company lost billions of dollars which resulted in almost zero shares. Enron finally announced their bankruptcy. 10 congressional committees and 2 federal agencies are investigating the case (Edmonds 2017). Reasons of failure The ethical failure of the topmanagement of the company results in such big failure. The former treasurer of Enron Ben F. Glisan and former chief financial officer Andrew Fastow were engaged in conspiracy, fraud and money laundering (Aven 2015). Fastow was also engaged in the fake partnering and wire fraud, like Merrill Lynch aided power plants in Nigeria and Brazil (da Silveira, 2013.). 64 pages long Enrons Code of ethics was based on effective business communication, integrity, respect and excellence (Micklethwait and Dimond 2017). However it failed miserably while getting implemented in reality. According to Sherron Watkins, Enrons top leaderships and employees were encouraged to practice ethical misconducts as long as the number was growing and they were not getting caught. Popular Wall Street firms like Citigroup or J.P. Morgan were involved with the company as they strategically used the prepay method (Markham 2015 ). This way the company took loans as the cash flow and used new prepays to balance the current ones. Many inappropriate actions were taken by various top levelmanagement in the company for a long period. However the investors, stakeholders and subordinates were unaware of them. Enron leadership was getting help from high administrative while practicing frauds. Managers consciously overlooked accounting misconducts, the top level managers of the company donated large amounts in the American political campaigns and deregulation in the energy business were few other factors that ensured the disaster. Analysis: Ethics in Accounting Ethical accounting deals with moral practice of preparation, presentation and revelation of financial information. The ethical practice demands fair account management, error free auditing and genuine reporting mechanism. Success of organizational structure is built upon ethical practice by leaders and employees. However, often the management encourages the subordinates to compromise with the ethical practice and they themselves engage in such practice just to ensure more profit. The ethical failure has caused collapse of several large organizational structures. Enron was one of the first ones that brought such incident in foreground globally. According to Copeland, Enrons failure is largely caused by the ethical misconduct in the accounting and auditing (Copeland 2015). (Source: Bonaci et al. 2013) Corporate Governance The corporate governance system is mainly based on the relationship between accountants and the stakeholders. They should practice a transparent and faithful behavior with the stakeholders while exchanging the information. The corporate governance principles are mainly the confidentiality, proficiency, objectivity and integrity (Tricker and Tricker 2015). International Federation of Accountants has suggested a Code of Ethics for the corporate governance to act ethically (Bonaci et al. 2013). Instead of companys own code of ethics they should follow a globally standard one. Recommendation The scandal has shaken the business world and the society in such a way that new laws regarding the business misconducts might be implemented in the business. The companies have many things to learn from the scandal. However this report tries to explore few recommendations to fight against such occurrences. The companies must encourage the accounting professionals in the ethical practice. The ethical practice in the accounting creates the ethical leaders who will ensure the successful business in the long run. The company should provide the employees with effective training in ethical codes and conducts. The education focusing on the ethics can be the most effective way to deal with the ethical misconducts from its core. Conclusion The fall of Enron highlighted the lack of ethical practice in business world and the need of relevance of ethical practice in the internal control of the corporate governance. The outcomes demonstrate the fate of investors money flow. The code of conduct was highly acclaimed on paper but the management never actually implemented those in reality. The company also failed to generate a working culture that embraces employee efficiency, integrity and honest way to achieve productivity. References Aven, B.L., 2015. The paradox of corrupt networks: An analysis of organizational crime at Enron.Organization Science,26(4), pp.980-996. Bonaci, C.G., Strouhal, J., Mllerov, L. and Roubckov, J., 2013. Corporate Governance Debate on Professional Ethics in Accounting Profession.Central European Business Review,2(3), p.30. Brody, R.G., Brody, R.G., Perri, F.S. and Perri, F.S., 2016. Fraud detection suicide: The dark side of white-collar crime.Journal of Financial Crime,23(4), pp.786-797. Brownell, J., 2015.Listening: Attitudes, principles, and skills. Routledge. Copeland, M.K., 2015. The importance of ethics and ethical leadership in the accounting profession. InResearch on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting(pp. 61-98). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. da Silveira, A.D.M., 2013. The Enron scandal a decade later: lessons learned?.Browser Download This Paper. Edmonds, P. (2017).NPR : Fall of Enron. [online] Npr.org. Available at: https://www.npr.org/news/specials/enron/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]. Fortune. (2017).Enron. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/fortune500/2001/enron-7/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]. Markham, J.W., 2015.A financial history of modern US corporate scandals: From Enron to reform. Routledge. Micklethwait, A. and Dimond, P., 2017. Enron: Launch to Boom and Bust, 19852001. InDriven to the Brink(pp. 15-38). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Miller, S., 2017. The Ethics of Whistleblowing, Leaking and Disclosure. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence(pp. 479-494). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

management Essays (1982 words) - Facebook, Blog Hosting Services

Facebook is the largest social network . Primarily focused on high school to college students. Facebook has been gaining market share, and more significantly a supportive user base. Since their launch in February 2004, they've been able to obtain over 8 million users in the U.S. alone and expand worldwide to 7 other English-speaking countries, with more to follow. : Facebook is the largest social network . Primarily focused on high school to college students. Facebook has been gaining market share, and more significantly a supportive user base. Since their launch in February 2004, they've been able to obtain over 8 million users in the U.S. alone and expand worldwide to 7 other English-speaking countries, with more to follow. The Facebook PhenomenonFirst, let's start by looking into Facebook in a broad spectrum - as the network, the phenomenon, the company, and its brand. : The Facebook PhenomenonFirst, let's start by looking into Facebook in a broad spectrum - as the network, the phenomenon, the company, and its brand. Originally called thefacebook, Facebook was founded by former Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg (while at Harvard) who ran it as one of his hobby projects with some financial help from Eduardo Saverin. Within months, Facebook and its core idea spread across the dorm rooms of Harvard where it was very well received. Soon enough, it was extended to Stanford and Yale where, like Harvard, it was widely endorsed. : Originally called thefacebook, Facebook was founded by former Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg (while at Harvard) who ran it as one of his hobby projects with some financial help from Eduardo Saverin. Within months, Facebook and its core idea spread across the dorm rooms of Harvard where it was very well received. Soon enough, it was extended to Stanford and Yale where, like Harvard, it was widely endorsed. Mark Zuckerbergthe owner of Facebook : Mark Zuckerbergthe owner of Facebook Before he knew it, Mark Zuckerberg was joined by two other fellow Harvard students Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes to help him grow the site to the next level. Only months later when it was officially a national student network phenomenon, Zuckerberg and Moskovitz dropped out of Harvard to pursue their dreams and run Facebook full time. In August 2005, thefacebook was officially called Facebook and the domain facebook.com was purchased for a reported $200,000. : Before he knew it, Mark Zuckerberg was joined by two other fellow Harvard students Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes to help him grow the site to the next level. Only months later when it was officially a national student network phenomenon, Zuckerberg and Moskovitz dropped out of Harvard to pursue their dreams and run Facebook full time. In August 2005, thefacebook was officially called Facebook and the domain facebook.com was purchased for a reported $200,000. AvailabilityUnlike its competitors Myspace, Friendster, Xanga, Hi5, Bebo, and others, Facebook isn't available to everyone which explains its relatively low user count. Currently, users must be members of one of the 30,000+ recognized schools, colleges, universities, organizations, and companies within the U.S, Canada, and other English-speaking nations. This generally involves having a valid e-mail ID with the associated institution. : AvailabilityUnlike its competitors Myspace, Friendster, Xanga, Hi5, Bebo, and others, Facebook isn't available to everyone which explains its relatively low user count. Currently, users must be members of one of the 30,000+ recognized schools, colleges, universities, organizations, and companies within the U.S, Canada, and other English-speaking nations. This generally involves having a valid e-mail ID with the associated institution. A large number of surveys and studies have been conducted around Facebook some with interesting results. For instance, according to an internal September 2005 survey, approximately 85% of the students in the supported colleges had a Facebook account, with 60% of them logging in daily. A survey conducted by Student Monitor revealed Facebook was the most in thing after the iPod and tying with beer, and com Score Media Metrix discovered users spend approximately 20 minutes everyday on Facebook. : A large number of surveys and studies have been conducted around Facebook some with interesting results. For instance, according to an internal September 2005 survey, approximately 85% of the students in the supported colleges had a Facebook account, with 60% of them logging

Fbs free essay sample

Teaspoonand Beverage Services (FBS) NC II Free Reviewer Types of Services Banquet (Bukcet) Service †¢ For group of person †¢ Fixed price †¢ e. g. typical function Family Service †¢ Food are prepared in the kitchen and served in platter in the table †¢ Started by head of the family English Service †¢ Private dinner †¢ Typical private dinner †¢ Fine dining set-up †¢ w/ Wine service Luriat Service †¢ A plate with rice, meat, vegetable dessert †¢ Big plate with complete meal Apartment/ Blue Plate Service †¢ Similar with family service, difference is location Located in apartment Tray Service Types of Menu 1. A la Carte combo meal 2. Table d Hote Specific Menu w/ specific price Classes of Menu 1. Special party e. g. weddings, baptismal 2. Cycle preparation of food is combination of lunch and dinner Menu Functions 1. Breakfast 2. Morning/ A. M. Snack 3 . Brunch (Breakfast + Lunch) 4. Lunch 5. Afternoon/ P. M. Snack (2 3 P. M. ) 6. Merienda Cena (5 P. M. ) 7. Dinner 8. Midnight Snack Food Sequence 1. Appetizer 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Fbs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soup 3. Salad 4. Main Course/ Entree 5. Dessert 6. Beverages Silverwares: Spoon SPOONS Sugar spoon a piece of cutlery used for serving granulated sugar. This type of spoon resembles a teaspoon except that the bowl is deeper and often molded in the shape of a sea shell, giving it the name sugar shell. Sugar spoons are sometimes called sugar shovels because of their rectangular shape and deep bowl.  · Ice Cream Spoon †¢ Dessert spoon — intermediate in size between a teaspoon and a tablespoon, used in eating dessert and sometimes soup or cereals. †¢ Teaspoon — small, suitable for stirring and sipping tea or coffee, standard capacity one third of a tablespoon. Examples: o Grapefruit spoon or orange spoon — tapers to a sharp point or teeth, used for citrus fruits and melons o iced tea spoon/ Long tea spoon — with a very long handle †¢ Soup spoon — with a large or rounded bowl for eating soup. Example: o cream-soup spoon — round-bowled, slightly shorter than a standard soup spoon †¢ Dinner spoon †¢ Table spoon Silverware: Forks  ·  · Cocktail fork A small fork resembling a trident, used for spearing cocktail garnishes such as olives.  · Cake fork

Communication models

Communication models Abstract Organizations have been in existence ever since humanity came into existence. Within these organizations, there has been a need for communications plans and proper organizations models so that there is a proper and smooth operation. Human beings do communicate differently and these in turn affects organizational operations, as they are the people who make up these organizations.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Communication models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There have been several ways identified for human communications by experts in this field. Communication is a field that is so wide in relation to other sectors. Therefore, people have proposed the rise of the many models ever since the time of Aristotle to present times. As wide as it is, it includes the various disciplines such as journalism, anthropology, rhetoric, and psychology amongst many others. This paper will tend to look into one of these very many communications model and one organizational model analyzing them side by side to come up with various weaknesses and problems that might arise from the use of such a communications model. The main analysis style will be the AMA 8-step process. Introduction Communication amongst human beings is particularly valuable, and understanding of the same is supposed to be in the priorities of organizations that intend to remain relevant in the market. Human communication is concerned with the conveyance of information from one source to the other, and this rule underscores the reason why the field has various models that look at it from different perspectives (Littlejohn, Foss, 2008, p. 69). The entire process, however, aims at initiating and inculcating development amongst the people involved. As there are unusually many organizations in existence, so there are so many organizational models in existence, all of which serve different organizations’ various roles and o bjectives. Since human beings form an organization, there is a need to build a strong base of faithful organization members, a fact that is elusive without proper communication (Miller, Vandome, McBrewster, 2009, p. 88). Hence, the need for any organization that needs to thrive, to identify with one model of communication that acts, as a guide to all the organization’s communications needs is paramount.Advertising Looking for term paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some communication models will look at communication from the perspective of information a receiver needs to communicate, whereas other will give importance to the fact that the sender initiates the process and thus, the person needing the communication the most. Some scholars in defining the term human communications have used this view. A famous definition of communication existed that many people have taken to use , because of its ease and the extent to which it summarizes the occurrences in a communication process. This supposition underscores the definition of communication simply as being â€Å"who says what, where, when, to who, through what channel or medium, and with what purpose or intention† (Lasswell, Lerner, Pool, 1952, p. 12). Therefore, communication models vary depending on the situation and place where the need to communicate do arise. However, all these models will narrow down to a simple model of communication that has the sender conveying information to the receiver as is seen in the figure below of a Simple communication’s model (Foulger, 2004, p.45). Figure 1.0 There have been remarkably many communication models in use, some of which were developed in the 20th century and others that are continually being developed on a day-by-day basis the source being the different organizational performance. This has seen the move and transformation of the way organizati ons communicate, from the ancient egalitarianism to the current Darwinism that focuses on the fact that people do not have equal access and rights to economic, political, and social aspects of the world. Communications scientists who have their roots in the propagandas studied amongst the mass media in the 20th centuries identify themselves mostly with the transmission model of communication (Miller, 2005, p. 87). Organizations also need to develop a model that will govern its operations under all circumstances, because this model is also, what will guide the leadership and operational activities of any organization. This paper will look at the Shannon Communication model and the Matrix organizational structure to evaluate the problems that might arise in the company or organization that adopts the same.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Communication models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shannon Communicationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s model Shannon communication model is a model of communication, developed back in 1948. People have largely regarded it as the basis for all the other modern communication models. It denotes a model that has thrived so much to eliminate so many unimportant components of the communication’s process leaving only what it considers key to the communications process (Shannon, 1948, p.382). This model has been considered successful by the fact that it does not only point out why communication happens, but also goes ahead to point at some of the things that lead to communication failures. One can summarize the entire model as seen below. Figure 1.1: Shannon communications model (Shannon, 1948) To establish the problems associated with Shannon’s communication model, this paper will look at a typical organization that uses the organizational model below. This model of the organization is where all information distributed within the organization aims at releasing the tr uth. In all levels, there are controls and checks to ensure the clearing, of all information released, of suspicion and emerge to be the best and be in the best interest of the organization. Figure 1.2: Organizational model (Severin Tankard, 2009, p.96).Advertising Looking for term paper on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problems The analysis of the problems associated with this form of communication model and organization model will follow the AMA 8-step process. Step 1: The discovery step- in this step, there are the salient facts that are associated with Shannon Communication’s model, as identified these above. However, it is necessary to note that, organizations are moving from the era where everybody will stand out as equal to an era talked about by Darwin: people receiving resources and economic exposures according to their individual ability. This then leads us to step two. Step 2: Many see Shannon’s model not just as a communication’s model, but also as the process of conveyance of information from the source to the receiver. A problem would arise, mainly because the model puts emphasis on the need of the sender to push message to the receiver. This can lead to some unforeseen problems. Practically, users of information have been found to be active not passive; hence, t hey choose the information they need as is the case elaborated by the uses and gratification theory of communication. Therefore, this model sees that information transmission from the sender to the receiver is the key role of the communications medium or channel. This model again sees communication as being direct and that it always occurs in one direction, a situation that is not the case in real life. Step 3: Analysis-The first problem that might arise is miscommunication if the organization relies fully on Shannon’s communications model. This is because whereas the model suggests that the sender should compel the receiver of the information to receive information, the receivers are always active people. By forcing the reception of the message, the sender may rest thinking that the message was decoded as he thought whereas, in the real sense, coercion might have led to lack of communication. Therefore, this scenario can lead to miscommunication and largely, communicationâ⠂¬â„¢s breakdown (Bell Smith, 1999, p. 124). The next possible problem would be wrong communications feedback. The intention of communication is always to obtain feedback: positive or negative. However, the assumption of this model that communication is direct and always occurs one way would mean that the sender would not pay attention to the issues raised by the receiver of a message since their role is to receive only. Therefore, in essence the communication process will qualify as ineffective. Another possible problem that would arise from the use of this model in an organization is that the model will act as a barrier to communication. It is fixed. In addition, it does not allow room for healthy communication. This would make an organization fail to execute its planned objectives and goals. Step 4: Possible Solutions-The problems that do arise out of the use of Shannon’s communication model can be solved by the realization that communications is not a one thing but a two -way issue. Therefore, while applying the Shannon’s communication model, the user (communicators) should be aware of the fact that both the dispatcher and the beneficiary lie within the brackets of the process and are active rather than passive participants. Therefore, they should receive the due importance they deserve. In addition, the users should be aware that there is communication without feedback; hence, it is not unidirectional, and users should pay attention to both facts. Step 5: Solution evaluation-The solution that can be lasting to the problems is the use of an amalgamation of two or three communications models. This is because whereas one may have a loophole, the other one acts as a check and balance and a solution to the other model’s problems. Step 6: Decision-making-The best solution to this problem is to use it hand in hand with the contemporary communication’s model that gives importance to communication as being complete only with the attainm ent of feedback. This step, when used with the Shannon’s model, will ensure perfect communications since all aspects of a communication’s process will receive maximum care. Step 7: Execution To ensure this solution works, the people within an organization should go through all the components of a communication process. Moreover, they should be aware of the importance of each aspect. These should be the sender, message, receiver, barriers (noise), channel (medium) and the feedback. In the implementation stage, one has to follow all guidelines to ensure that the process gives the desired results. The participants should be well informed for precision purposes. Step 8: Measurement-The suggested organizational model proposes a situation where all employees take part in the communication of truthful messages. The success of the use of the suggested solution will come out through monitoring performance and gauging the level of cooperation between the organization’s e mployees. This step is decidedly crucial because measuring and monitoring of performance underlines the true progress of any activity. Conclusion The use of any communication model is in itself not a solution to the organizational communication needs. Proper understanding and implementation facilitate the success of any communication model that a company decides to use. Moreover, the organizational model also plays a critical role in deciding the success of the model. In other words, organizations should choose communication models that fit into the organizational model. This understanding, therefore, calls for organizations to use models interchangeably to ensure they succeed. Applying different models allow management to decide on the communication model that fits a given organization best and through adopting the best model; the organization will achieve its objectives. References Bell, A., Smith, D. (1999). Management Communication. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Foulger, D . (2004). Models of the Communication Process. Retrieved from http://davis.foulger.info/research/unifiedModelOfCommunication.htm Lasswell, H., Lerner, D., Pool, I. (1952). The comparative study of symbols: an  Introduction. California: Stanford University Press. Littlejohn, S., Foss, K. (2008). Theories of human communication. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Miller, F., Vandome, A., McBrewster, J. (2009). Communication Theory. Mauritius: VDM Publishing House Ltd. Miller, K. (2005). Communication Theories: Perspectives, Processes, and  Contexts. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Severin, W., Tankard, J. (2009). Communication theories: origins, methods, and uses in the Mass media. Boston: Addison Wesley Longman. Shannon, A. (1948). Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System  Technical Journal, 27(6), 379-656.

Review of Diabetes Mellitus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Review of Diabetes Mellitus - Essay Example Diabetes is a third leading cause of death in United States of America, next only to heart disease and cancer. In the present article, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, current treatment modalities with specific emphasis on the newer therapeutic approaches for diabetes will be reviewed. Introduction. The condition called â€Å"Diabetes† is so prevalent in modern day societies that it would be impossible to find a person who does not know some one with this condition. Statistics of diabetes confirm this validity of this statement. An estimated 20.8 million people, constituting about 7% of the population, live with diabetes in United States (CDC report, 2007). The question arises why is diabetes a bane of the modern society. The answer to this query lies in a large number of epidemiological studies showing that obesity and sedentary life style is a risk factor for developing diabetes. Individuals with a good Basal Metabolic Index (BMI, less than 21) have the lowest risk of diabetes occurring to them and increasing incidence of the condition seen in obese people (Coditz, 1990; Carey, 1997). Similarly there is an inverse correlation between the level of physical activity and the risk of developing diabetes (Manson, 1991,1992). In order to understand the clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus, diagnosis, and therapeutic options it is imperative to understand the regulation of Glucose levels (or Homeostasis) in normal human beings (Figure 1). Many diseases result from the perturbation of the homeostasis, a condition known as homeostatic imbalance. Several factors including aging lead to the loss of this regulation leading to disease. Diabetes is also a chronic metabolic disorder caused by the disturbance in the homeostasis of glucose. Classification of diabetes mellitus. As per the American Diabetes Association publication (ADA report, 2006) vast majority